Skip to main content
Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Download PDF
  • Original Article
  • Published:

Pine heartwood formation as a maturation phenomenon

Journal of Wood Science volume 48, pages 467–472 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

The inverse of the relative increment rate of size is proposed as a measure of the maturity of a forest tree. The heartwood content within bole cross sections is modeled semiempirically using asymptotic fitting. It is shown that the present proposal for a definition of maturity statistically explains heartwood content far better than age or size. The heartwood content appears to be independent on growth rate and tree size.

References

  1. Johansson S (1977) Moisture-repelling treatment for wood (in Swedish). Swedish Wood Research Institute [Svenska träforskningsinstitutet], Report A 467

  2. Koponen HR (1983) Moisture transport in wood and wood plates 4 (in Finnish). Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Wood Technology. Report 7

  3. Grönlund A, Karlsson G, Karlsson L (1979) Pine wood with high proportion of heartwood for window joineries (in Swedish). Swedish Wood Research Institute (Svenska träforskningsinstitutet), Report A 553

  4. Rennerfeit E (1947) Some investigations regarding the cabability of rot fungi to assault pine heartwood and sapwood (in Swedish). State Forest Research Institute Report [Meddelanden från statens skogsforskningsinstitut] 36(9):l-24

    Google Scholar 

  5. Erdtman H, Frank A, Lindstedt G (1951) Constituents of pine heartwood 27: the content of pinosylvin phenols in Swedish pines. Svensk Papperstidning 54:275–279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Trendelenburg R (1939) Wood as raw material (in German). J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kärkkäinen M (1985) Wood science (In Finnish). ISBN 951-99628-2-4

  8. Schwappach A (1892) Investigations regarding the quality of pine wood (in German). Z Jagdwesen 14(1):75–88

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pilz (1907) About pine heartwood formation (in German). Allg Forst Jagdztg 83:265–272

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eneroth O (1922) Wood structure. In: Forest technology handbook (in Swedish). Viktor Petterssons Bokindustriaktiebolag, Stockholm, pp 5–33.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lappi-Seppälä M (1952) About the heartwood and stem form of pine (in Finnish). Comm Inst For Fenn 40(25):26

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kuylenstierna F (1964) Why is there heartwood formation (in Swedish)? Skogen 54:312–313

    Google Scholar 

  13. Werberg K (1930) Pine heartwood and sapwood (in Estonian, with German summary). Tartu Ulikooli Metsaosakonna Toimetused 17:1–184 + 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tamminen Z (1964) Moisture content, density and other properties of wood and bark. II. Norway spruce. Swedish Royal College of Forestry, Department Forest Products. Research note 47

  15. Longman KA, Wareing PF (1959) Early induction of flowering in birch seedlings. Nature 184:2037–2038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Robinson LW, Wareing PF (1969) Experiments on the juvenile-adult phase change in some woody species. New Phytol 68:67–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hackett WP (1976) Control of phase change in woody plants. Acta Hort 56:143–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wareing PF, Frydman WM (1976) General aspects of phase change, with special reference toHedera helix L. Acta Hort 56:57–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Olesen PO (1978) On cyclophysis and topophysis. Silvae Genet 27:173–178

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kärenlampi PP, Riekkinen M (2002) Maturity and growth rate effects on Scots pine basic density. Wood Sci Technol (in press)

  21. Ilvessalo Y (1930) The forests of Suomi (Finland) described by areas fertility: results of the general survey of the forests of the country carried out during the years 1921–1924. Comm Inst For Fenn 15. 4. p 96

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vuokila Y (1956) On the development of managed spruce stands in southern Finland. Comm Inst For Fenn 48. 1. p 138

    Google Scholar 

  23. Vuokila Y, Väliaho H (1980) Growth and yield models for conifer cultures in Finland. Comm Inst For Fenn 99. 2. p 271

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vanninen P, Ylitalo H, Sievänen R, Mäkelä A (1996) Effects of age and site quality on the distribution of biomass in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Trees 10:223–239

    Google Scholar 

  25. Michajlow J (1952) Mathematical formulation of the growth of trees and stands (in German). Schweitzer Z Forstwesen 103:368–380

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kucera B (1994) A hypothesis relating current annual height increment to juvenile wood formation in Norway spruce. Wood Fiber Sci 26(1):152–167

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sirviö J, Kärenlampi P (2001) The effects of maturity and growth rate on the properties of spruce wood tracheids. Wood Sci Technol 35:541–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Volkert E (1941) Investigations regarding the level and variation of wood density in softwood (in German). Schriften Hermann Goring Akad Dtsch Forstwissenschaft 2:1–133

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hiley WE (1955) Quality in softwoods. Q J For 49:159–164

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rendle BJ, Phillips EWJ (1958) The effect of rate of growth (ring width) on the density of softwoods. Forestry 31(2):113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hakkila P (1967) Variation patterns of bark weight and bark percentage by weight. Comm Inst For Fenn 62. 5. p 37

    Google Scholar 

  32. Uusvaara O (1974) Wood quality in plantation-grown Scots pine. Comm Inst For Fenn 80. 2. p 105

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Petri P. Kärenlampi & Mika Riekkinen

Authors
  1. Petri P. Kärenlampi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mika Riekkinen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Petri P. Kärenlampi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kärenlampi, P.P., Riekkinen, M. Pine heartwood formation as a maturation phenomenon. J Wood Sci 48, 467–472 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766641

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766641

Key words