Skip to main content
Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Download PDF
  • Original Article
  • Published:

Adsorption capacities and related characteristics of wood charcoals carbonized using a one-step or two-step process

Journal of Wood Science volume 47, pages 48–57 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonlca D. Don) wood powder was carbonized at varying temperatures by a onestep process up to 1000‡C and a two-step process using wood charcoal as the raw material up to 1600‡C. This study was conducted to evaluate the adsorptive properties of wood charcoal and discuss the mechanism of its adsorptive function in relation to the physical and anatomical characteristics of wood after carbonization. Anatomical characteristics of carbonized wood materials were directly observed under heating using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM); the cell wall structures were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The largest weight losses were observed at the highest temperatures, in both the one-step and twostep processes but leveled off above 800‡C. Shrinkages in the tangential, radial, and longitudinal directions increased with carbonization temperature, peaking at 1000‡C. Direct observations by ESEM showed distinct shrinkage at around 400‡C. The first trial observations by HRTEM on the changes in the ultrastructure of cell walls of wood charcoals were done, and it was assumed to affect the formation of micropores. Adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. With the one-step carbonization process, the iodine adsorption capacities of the carbonized wood powders increased with increasing carbonization temperature, peaking at 800‡C, but decreased at higher temperatures. The wood powder carbonized at 1000‡C with the two-step process showed the highest capacity, but further heating up to 1400‡C drastically decreased the adsorption. The shrinkage of cells was related to the increases and decreases in its specific surface area. Specific surface area and total pore volume were evidently related to the adsorptive properties.

References

  1. Pulido-Novicio L, Hata T, Kajimoto T, Imamura Y, Ishihara S (1999) Removal of mercury by carbonized wood materials from aqueous solutions of different types of mercury compounds. Resources Proc J 46(l):3–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pulido-Novicio L, Hata T, Kajimoto T, Imamura Y, Ishihara S (1998) Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions of mercuric chloride using wood powder carbonized at high temperature. Wood Res 85:48–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pulido LL, Hata T, Imamura Y, Ishihara S, Kajimoto T (1998) Removal of mercury and other metals by carbonized wood powder from aqueous solutions of their salts. J Wood Sci 44:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Abe I, Iwasaki S, Iwata Y, Kominami H, Kera Y (1998) Relationship between production method and adsorption property of charcoal (in Japanese). Tanso 185:277–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hitomi M, Kera Y, Tatsumoto H. Ikuta N, Kawafune I, Abe I (1993) Evaluation of adsorption property of porous carbon materials (II) (in Japanese). Tanso 156:22–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kitamura T, Matsumoto S, Katayama H (1999) The effect of carbonizing conditions on the properties of charcoal absorbent fromCryptomeria (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 45:171–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kishimoto S, Kitsuta K (1969) Functional group and free radical on inner surface of charcoal (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 15:208–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Abe F, Kishimoto S, Unrinin G (1960) Studies on charcoal XI (in Japanese) Mokuzai Gakkaishi 6:188–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Nishimiya K, Hata T, Imamura Y, Ishihara S (1988) Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J Wood Sci 44:56–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gregg SJ, Sing KC (1982) Adsorption, surface area and porosity, 2nd edn. Academic, London, pp 41–110

    Google Scholar 

  11. Montgomery JM (1985) Water treatment principles and design. Wiley, New York, pp 174–190

    Google Scholar 

  12. Byrne CE, Nagle DC (1997) Carbonization of wood for advanced materials applications. Carbon 35:259–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Slocum DH, McGinnes EA Jr, Beall FC (1978) Charcoal yield, shrinkage, and density changes during carbonization of oak and hickory woods. Wood Sci 11:42–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Levan S (1989) Thermal degradation. In: Schniewind AP (ed) Concise encyclopedia of wood and wood based materials. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 271–273

    Google Scholar 

  15. Soltes EJ, Elder TJ (1981) Pyrolysis. In: Goldstein IS (ed) Organic chemicals from biomass. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 64–99

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pastor-Villegas J, Duran-Valle CJ, Valenzuela-Calahorro C, Gomez-Serrano V (1998) Organic chemical structure and structural shrinkage of chars prepared from rockrose. Carbon 36:1251–1256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Boehm HP (1994) Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons. Carbon 32:759–769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tanso Zairyo Gakkai (1996) Tanso no hyomen tokusei (in Japanese). In: Introduction for carbonmaterials. Realize, pp 69–78

  19. Boehm HP (1966) Chemical identification of surface groups. Adv Catalysis 16:179–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. McGinnes EA Jr, Kandeel SA, Szopa PS (1971) Some structural changes observed in the transformation of wood into charcoal. Wood Fiber 3(2):77–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cutter BE, Cumbie BG, McGinnes EA Jr (1980) SEM and shrinkage analyses of southern pine wood following pyrolysis. Wood Sci Technol 14:115–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Szabo T, Fung DPC (1975) Thermal behavior of growth zones of Douglas-fir and loblolly pine. Wood Sci 8(1):411–414

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hata T (1999) Micro structural analysis of bio carbon from wood (in Japanese). Cellulose Commun 6(3):127–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mackay DM, Roberts PV (1982) The influence of pyrolysis conditions on yield and microporosity of lignocellulosic chars. Carbon 20:95–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pastor-Villegas J, Valenzuela-Calahorro C, Bernalte-Garcia A, Gomez-Serrano V (1993) Characterization study of char and activated carbon prepared from raw and extracted rockrose. Carbon 31:1061–1069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lua, AC, Guo J (1998) Preparation and characterization of chars from oil palm waste. Carbon 36:1663–1670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, 016-0876, Noshiro, Japan

    Lilibeth Pulido-Novicio, Yasuji Kurimoto & Shuichi Doi

  2. Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, 611-0011, Uji, Japan

    Toshimitsu Hata, Shigehisa Ishihara & Yuji Imamura

Authors
  1. Lilibeth Pulido-Novicio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Toshimitsu Hata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yasuji Kurimoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shuichi Doi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shigehisa Ishihara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yuji Imamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lilibeth Pulido-Novicio.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pulido-Novicio, L., Hata, T., Kurimoto, Y. et al. Adsorption capacities and related characteristics of wood charcoals carbonized using a one-step or two-step process. J Wood Sci 47, 48–57 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776645

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776645

Key words