- Original Article
- Published:
Inorganic elements in typical Japanese trees for woody biomass fuel
Journal of Wood Science volume 56, pages 53–63 (2010)
Abstract
The inorganic element contents of trees were measured to evaluate the safety of using wood biomass as thermal power generation fuel. Twelve species of typical conifer trees and 17 species of typical broad-leaved trees in Japan plus 9 species of commonly imported trees were selected and analyzed for the main inorganic elements and several trace elements that are potentially harmful in combustion ash. The ash content in bark, especially in the inner bark, was higher than that in wood, but the highest concentration was in the leaves. In almost all parts of the trees, the order of inorganic element concentration was calcium ≥ potassium ≥ magnesium ≥ sulfur ≥ phosphorous. Among the trace elements, the boron content was high and the mercury content was recorded as being high in conifer bark.
References
Pagenkopf GK, Connolly JM (1982) Retention of boron by coal ash. Environ Sci Technol 16(9):609–613
Hollis JF, Keren R, Gal M (1988) Boron release and sorption by fly ash as affected by pH and particle size. J Environ Qual 17(2):181–184
Grisafe DA, Angino EE, Smith SM (1988) Leaching characteristics of a high-calcium fly ash as a function of pH: a potential source of selenium toxicity. Appl Geochem 3:601–608
Roy WR, Griffin RA (1984) Illinois basin coal fly ashes: equilibria relationships and qualitative modeling of ash-water reactions. Environ Sci Technol 18:739–742
Hoek EE, Bonouvrie PA, Comans RNJ (1994) Sorption of As and Se on mineral components of fly ash: relevance for leaching processes. Appl Geochem 9:403–412
Okada N, Katayama Y, Nobuchi T, Ishimaru Y, Aoki A (1993) Trace elements in the stems of trees VI. Comparisons of radial distributions among hardwood stems (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39:1119–1127
Okada N, Katayama Y, Nobuchi T, Ishimaru Y, Aoki A (1993) Trace elements in the stems of trees V. Comparisons of radial distributions among softwood stems. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39: 1111–1118
Watanabe T, Broadley MR, Jansen S, White PJ, Takada J, Satake K, Takamatsu T, Tuah SJ, Osaki M (2007) Evolutionary control of leaf element composition in plants. New Phytol 174:516–523
Uchida T (1986) Sample decomposition in sealed Teflon vessels. Bunseki 1:9–15
San-Ai Science (2005) Sealed decomposition vessel: instruction manual (in Japanese). San-Ai Science, Nagoya
Aggett J, Aspell C (1976) The determination of arsenic (III) and total arsenic by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analyst 101: 341–347
Cutter GA (1989) The estuarine behavior of selenium in San Francisco Bay. Est Coast Shelf Sci 28:13–34
JIS K0222 (1997) Methods for determination of mercury in stack gas (in Japanese). JSA, Tokyo
National Institute of Standards and Technology (1993) Certificate of analysis: standard reference material 1515. NIST, Gaithersburg
National Institute of Standards and Technology (2002) Certificate of analysis: standard reference material 1575a. NIST, Gaithersburg
Yasuda M (1990) Wood analysis. In: Japan Wood Research Society (ed) Wood science experimental book II (in Japanese). Chugai Sangyo Chosakai, Tokyo, p 152
Nakai T, Abe H (1998) Measurements of the bioelectrical potential of a Japanese oak (Quercus crispula Blume) sapling: effect of the radial distribution of inorganic ingredients within a tree stem on the diurnal change in resting potential. J Wood Sci 44: 249–254
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (2004) NEDO Kaigai Report: Two biomass advanced countries in EU (in Japanese). NEDO, Kawasaki, 0935:1–5
Dahl J, Obernberger I, Brunner T, Biedermann F (2002) Results and evaluation of a new heavy metal fractionation technology in grate-fired biomass combustion plants as a basis for improved ash utilization. 12th European Conference and Technology Exhibition on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection. June 17–21, 2002, Amsterdam
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsuchiya, Y., Shimogaki, H., Abe, H. et al. Inorganic elements in typical Japanese trees for woody biomass fuel. J Wood Sci 56, 53–63 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-009-1055-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-009-1055-z