Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from mature seeds of Magnolia obovata

Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 1 Numbers of proembryogenic masses (PEMs) induced under various conditions and the frequencies of germination from mature seeds of Magnolia obovata

Initial culture medium^a	Culture medium^b	No. of half-seeds cultured	No. of explants producing PEMs^c	Germination (%)^d
MS
No GA₃	Half-strength MS basal medium	25	0 (0)	–
1 μM GA₃		25	7 (28)	82 ± 3
5 μM GA₃		25	1 (4)	90 ± 3
10 μM GA₃		25	1 (4)	85 ± 4
B₅
No GA₃	Full-strength B₅ basal medium	25	1 (4)	83 ± 1
1 μM GA₃		25	0 (0)	–
5 μM GA₃		25	2 (8)	81 ± 2
10 μM GA₃		25	0 (0)	–

^aAll mature half-seeds were initially cultured on MS basal medium or B₅ basal medium that contained GA₃ (1, 5 and 10 μM) or without GA₃ for 1 month
^bCulture medium for maturation and germination of somatic embryos that had developed from PEMs
^cFrequency (%) of induction of PEMs in parenthesis
^dValues are averages ± standard errors (n = 5). Frequencies of germination, with production of normal primary leaves and roots, were determined after 1 month of culture in basal medium