Utilization of wood cell wall components

Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 1 Mechanical properties of lignin-based carbon fibers

	Diameter (μm)	Tensile strength (MPa)	MOE^c (GPa)	Elongation (%)	References
Hardwood kraft lignin	46.0 ± 8.0	422 ± 80	40.0 ± 11.0	1.12 ± 0.22	[52]
Alcell lignin	31.0 ± 3.0	388 ± 123	40.0 ± 14.0	1.00 ± 0.23	[52]
Exploded lignin^a	7.6 ± 2.7	660 ± 230	40.7 ± 6.3	1.63 ± 0.29	[44]
Hardwood acetic acid lignin	14.0 ± 1.0	355 ± 53	39.1 ± 13.3	0.98 ± 0.25	[45]
Softwood acetic acid lignin	35.3 ± 6.3	108 ± 65	–	–	[46]
Softwood PEG–lignin	8.2 ± 1.0	695 ± 124	47.3 ± 11.5	1.51 ± 0.25	[41]
Acetylated softwood	6–8	1040 ± 100	52 ± 2	2 ± 0.2	[55]
Kraft lignin	6–8	1040 ± 100	52 ± 2	2 ± 0.2	[55]
HWKL-PEO^b	44.0 ± 4.0	392 ± 89	44.0 ± 12.0	0.91 ± 0.16	[37]
Polyacrylonitrile	5–10	3500–6300	200–500	0.8–2.2	–

^aExploded lignin was converted into spinning raw material by hydrogenolysis followed by thermal condensation
^bBlend of hardwood kraft lignin and polyethylene oxide
^cModulus of elasticity