Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society
Table 2 Visual tree inspection form with seven categories of tree defects
From: Detection of decay damage in iron-wood living trees by nondestructive techniques
Defects | Items ■ detected □ undetected |
|---|---|
1. Decayed wood | □Decay or rotten □fungi, fungal fruiting body □cavity □hollows, hole □inrolled cracks □ever-expanding column of decay □bulge and swellings □others; e.g., wound, wood discoloration, canker |
2. Cracks | □Splitting of weak branch unions □by pruning; e.g., flush-cut pruning, topping □Wind (damage, sap flow, or bleeding) □Vertical crack □shear crack □inrolled crack □ribbed crack □Horizontal crack □Seam |
3. Root problems | □Damage □dead □ lost □ crack □decay □lean □fungal fruiting body □root breakage □stem girdling root □others; e.g., disease, disorder, ants, etc. □Critical root radius was disturbed, damaged or restricted leading to reduced anchoring ability of roots □Crown decline □Lean □soil mounding □soil cracking □root lifting |
4. Weak branch unions | □Co-dominant stems or branches □epicormic branch □included bark □others; e.g., topping, injured, pruned, crack, or declining branches |
5. Cankers | □Canker □fungi □ insect (e.g., termite) □microorganism □mechanical damage □other; e.g., lightning |
6. Poor tree architecture (trunk and branch) | □Leaning □tension or buckle symptom □epicormic branch, harp tree □unbalance crown □others; e.g., bends, twists, and crooks |
7. Dead trees, tops, or Branches | □Dead trees □dead tops □dead branches |