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Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 2 Yield (wt%) of products from glucose in various ionic liquids at 120 °C

From: Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from wood by ionic liquid treatment

Ionic liquids

OMS

LG

AGF

5-HMF

Disaccharides

1 h

24 h

1 h

24 h

1 h

24 h

1 h

24 h

1 h

24 h

[MIM]NTf2

n.d.

n.d.

15.0

12.0

2.2

1.5

0.0

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[EIM]NO3

n.d.

1.5

4.7

2.0

2.3

1.5

0.0

0.0

6.5

n.d.

[DMIM]DMP

4.8

1.1

0.6

0.7

n.d.

0.6

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

[DMIM]BOB

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[EMIM]Cl

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.6

n.d.

1.2

0.1

1.3

0.3

1.7

[EMIM]HSO4

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

2.3

6.4

n.d.

n.d.

[EMIM]MPO4

n.d.

5.8

1.9

2.7

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[EMIM]Ac

1.8

n.d.

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.5

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

[EMIM]PF6

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.8

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

[EMIM]AlCl4

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

[EMIM]TCB

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3.5

n.d.

0.3

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

6.1

[EMIM]Tos

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

22.2

n.d.

4.3

3.2

13.2

n.d.

[EMIM]Mes

1.3

n.d.

18.7

1.4

8.8

0.9

1.2

2.6

10.1

0.7

[BMIM]SCN

n.d.

3.1

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[BMIM]BF4

0.8

0.9

19.8

23.2

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[BPr]FSI

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.3

n.d.

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

0.3

2.3

[BPr]PF6

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.3

2.7

0.0

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

[MPPyr]PF6

n.d.

0.9

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.1

[MPPip]PF6

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.2

[N4444]Cl

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.8

n.d.

1.6

n.d.

0.0

n.d.

1.3

[N4444]Br

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.5

n.d.

0.3

n.d.

0.2

[N4444]Cl2Br

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.3

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

[N4444]N3

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

[N4444]Sal

12.6

9.8

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.9

0.0

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

[P4442]DEP

1.1

7.0

n.d.

0.3

0.1

0.6

0.0

1.4

n.d.

n.d.

[P14,666]PF6

n.d.

0.8

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.1

n.d.

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

[P14,666]Dec

1.8

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

[Choline]Cit

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

[Accholine]ClO4

1.3

2.1

0.4

0.5

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

[HDABCO]NTf2

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

0.0

n.d.

n.d.

  1. OMS monosaccharides except for glucose, LG levoglucosan, AGF 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucofuranose, 5-HMF 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, n.d. not detected
  2. aSolidified during treatment
  3. bEvaporated during treatment
  4. cViscosity becomes abnormally high upon heating