Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society
Table 1 Flows (inputs and outputs) of 1 m2 Massiv–Holz–Mauer (MHM) wall manufacturing processes
From: Massive wood material for sustainable building design: the Massiv–Holz–Mauer wall system
Wooden boards | Input | Output |
|---|---|---|
Tree feeling | Spruce tree in forest (0.386 m3) | Felled spruce tree (0.297 m3) without branches |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 3.6-kW chainsaw to manual felling the tree (time: 0.035 h) | [Tree waste (0.062 m3) not taken into account in the LCAa model] | |
Extraction | Felled spruce tree (0.297 m3) | Felled spruce tree (0.297 m3) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 4 wheel drive 67-kW tractor equipped with a winch to extract the felled tree—distance 50 m | ||
Landing | Felled spruce tree (0.297 m3) | Logs (0.297 m3) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 3.6-kW chainsaw to manually cut the tree (h = 0.035 h) | ||
Road transport to sawmill | Logs (0.297 m3) | Logs (0.297 m3—50 % moisture content) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the logs per 133 km | ||
Log handling at sawmill | Logs (0.297 m3) | Logs (0.297 m3—50 % moisture content) |
Energy (diesel): 0.27 kg | ||
Lubricant: 0.0061 kg | ||
Log processing at sawmill | Logs (0.297 m3) | Boards (0.297 m3) |
Energy (diesel): 0.0073 kg | [Saw dust (0.025 m3) + wood chips (0.065 m3) not taken into account in the LCA model] | |
Energy (electricity mix): 47.07 MJ | ||
Lubricant: 4.00E−07 kg | ||
Boards air drying | Boards (0.297 m3 at 50 % moisture content) | Boards (0.207 m3 at 12 % moisture content) |
Boards handling with machine | Boards (0.207 m3) | Boards (0.207 m3) |
Energy (diesel): 0.46 kg | ||
Lubricant: 0.108 kg | ||
Boards transport to the company | Boards (0.207 m3) | Boards (0.207 m3) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the boards per 166 km | ||
Aluminium nails | RERb: metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing | Aluminium nails (0.7 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the aluminium nails per 600 km | ||
Plasterboard | CHc: gypsum plasterboard production | Plasterboard (9.5 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 16–32 t payload EURO5 truck to transport the plasterboard per 200 km | ||
Geotextile | RER: fleece production, polyethylene | Geotextile (0.15 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 16–32 t payload EURO5 truck to transport the geotextile per 150 km | ||
Fibreboard | CH: fibreboard production, soft, from wet processes | Fibreboard (0.08 m3) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the geotextile per 600 km | ||
Mortar | RoWd: cement mortar production | Mortar (6 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the mortar per 200 km | ||
Plaster mesh | RER: glass fiber production | Plaster mesh (0.15 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the plaster mesh per 200 km | ||
Plaster | CH: cover plaster production, mineral | Plaster (2.5 kg) |
Energy (diesel) consumed by a 32-t payload EURO5 truck to transport the plaster per 200 km | ||
MHM assembling | ITe: energy production photovoltaic, 3KWp slanted-roof installation, single-Si, panel, mounted—10.8 MJ | 1 m2 of MHM wall |
IT: electricity, high voltage, production mix—25.2 MJ |