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Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 5 Contributions to emissions of chemicals for the production of 1 m2 of Massiv–Holz–Mauer (MHM) and brick wall. The values are referred to the emissions after characterization (“Characterization” column) and before characterization (“Inventory” column)

From: Massive wood material for sustainable building design: the Massiv–Holz–Mauer wall system

Classification

MHM wall

Brick wall

Characterization

Inventory

Characterization

Inventory

Global warming potential (GWP)

kg CO2eq

kg

kg CO2eq

kg

Emissions to air (total)

35.23

32.65

85.90

80.98

 Carbon dioxide

27.61

27.61

78.93

78.93

 Carbon dioxide (biotic)

4.95

4.95

1.85

1.85

 Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

0.37

1.24E−03

0.23

7.82E−04

 Sulphur hexafluoride

0.03

1.64E−06

0.05

2.09E−06

 Methane

1.99

0.08

4.64

0.19

 Methane (biotic)

0.19

0.01

0.18

0.01

 Halogenated organic emissionsa

0.08

1.74E−05

0.02

7.92E−06

Ozone depletion potential (ODP)

mg R11eq

mg

mg R11eq

mg

Emissions to air (total)

4.38

2.66

7.32

6.95

 Halogenated organic emissions

4.37

2.66

7.32

6.95

 Long term to air (ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-, CFC-113)

1.17E−03

1.17E−03

1.85E−04

1.85E−04

Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP)

g Etheneeq

g

g Etheneeq

g

Emissions to air (total)

32.18

5376.77

41.63

718.34

 Group NMVOCb to air

21.61

60.24

25.39

69.82

 Sulphur dioxide

4.08

85.07

5.96

124.11

 Nitrogen oxides

1.97

70.62

4.56

162.89

 Carbon monoxide

3.61

133.92

4.46

165.17

 Carbon monoxide (biotic)

0.38

4939.56

0.10

3.77

 Methane

0.47

79.74

1.11

185.40

 Methane (biotic)

0.05

7.63

0.04

7.23

Human toxicity potential (HTP)

kg DCB jeq

kg

kg DCBeq

kg

Emissions to air (total)

9.71

0.41

19.46

0.46

 Heavy metals to airc

5.01

2.39E−04

6.40

3.52E−04

 Organic emissions to air (group VOC)d (mainly PAHe, halogenated organic emissions, other NMVOCsf)

2.46

0.06

3.36

0.06

 Inorganic emissions to airg

1.68

0.16

9.17

0.30

 Long term to airh

0.42

3.99E−04

0.45

4.32E−04

 Particles to air (mainly >PMi10, PM2.5—PM10, PM2.5)

0.15

0.19

0.08

0.10

  1. aTetrafluoromethane, R 116 (hexafluoroethane), R 114 (dichlorotetrafluoroethane), R 22 (chlorodifluoromethane), Halon (1301), perfluoropentane, Halon (1211), R 113 (trichlorotrifluoroethane), R 134a (tetrafluoroethane), R 152a (difluoroethane), R 23 (trifluoromethane), R 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane), R 124 (chlorotetrafluoroethane), chloromethane (methyl chloride), dichloromethane (methylene chloride), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, R 11 (trichlorofluoromethane), methyl bromide
  2. bNon-methane volatile organic compounds
  3. cArsenic, chromium (+VI), nickel, antimony, cadmium, vanadium, copper, selenium, molybdenum, cobalt, thallium, chromium (unspecified), lead, mercury, zinc, tin, hydrogen arsenic (arsine)
  4. dVolatile organic compounds
  5. ePolycyclic aromative hydrocarbon
  6. fBenzene, NMVOC (unspecified), ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde (methanal), ethene (ethylene), toluene (methyl benzene), ethyl benzene, xylene (dimethyl benzene), phenol (hydroxy benzene), butadiene, xylene (meta-xylene; 1,3-dimethylbenzene), xylene (ortho-Xylene; 1,2-dimethylbenzene), Styrene
  7. gHydrogen fluoride, nitrogen oxides, barium, sulphur dioxide, beryllium, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, carbon disulphide, hydrogen sulfide, sulphur oxides
  8. hChromium VI, arsenic, nickel, vanadium, copper, beryllium, selenium, cadmium, cobalt, molybdenum, barium, lead, particulates >10 µm, particulates >2.5 and <10 µm, particulates <2.5 µm, zinc, antimony, mercury, hydrogen sulfide, tin
  9. iParticulate matter
  10. j1,4-dichlorobenzene
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