Skip to main content

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 4 Charcoala properties of the invasive plants compared with the char of Acacia tortilis

From: Possibility of using three invasive non-forest tree species as an alternative source for energy production

Property

Calotropis procera

Phragmites australis

Rhazya stricta

Acacia tortilis

Yield

 Gravimetric

30.28BC ± 0.6

31.69B ± 0.6

28.98C ± 1.3

34.66A ± 1.4

 FCY

21.37BC ± 0.5

22.58B ± 0.4

20.84C ± 0.7

26.14A ± 1.2

Ultimate analysis

 Carbon (C)

65.33C ± 1.2

75.34B ± 0.5

78.90A ± 0.7

77.73A ± 0.5

 Hydrogen (H)

2.86C ± 0.1

3.05B ± 0.1

2.99B ± 0.02

3.22A ± 0.03

 Nitrogen (N)

0.63B ± 0.1

0.42C ± 0.1

1.00A ± 0.02

0.54B ± 0.03

 Oxygen (O)

26.98A ± 1.1

16.56C ± 0.4

17.38B ± 0.7

16.52C ± 0.6

Proximate analysis

 Moisture

1.29B ± 0.3

1.58B ± 0.1

0.92C ± 0.1

1.95A ± 0.2

 Ash

4.20B ± 0.2

4.63A ± 0.2

3.73C ± 0.2

1.99D ± 0.04

 Volatile matter

27.68A ± 0.7

25.70B ± 0.2

25.47B ± 0.7

24.24C ± 0.4

 Fixed carbon

66.93D ± 1.0

68.09C ± 0.1

69.88B ± 0.7

71.82A ± 0.6

Fuel characteristics

 HHV (db, MJ/kg)

25.68D ± 0.5

27.73C ± 0.6

28.93B ± 0.2

30.13A ± 0.7

  1. Means with the same superscript letters in rows are not significantly different according to least significant differences (LSD) test
  2. O (%) = 100 − (C + H + N + ash) according to Pereira et al. [47]
  3. FCY fixed carbon yield, HHV higher heating value, db dry weight basis
  4. aProduced at 400 °C for 4 h