Fig. 16

Simulation of longitudinal stress and strains in an axisymmetrically growing stem. The case of a 25-year-old tree is considered, with following values for parameters (see Eqs.4–7): compliance (1/GPa): u ₀ = 80, v ₀ = 20, w ₀ = 100, u ₁ = 60, v ₁ = 40, w ₁ = 200; characteristic times (years): τ ^V = 10, τ ^W = 100; maturation strain: μ ₀ = −0.1%, μ ₁ =+0.2%. The juvenile transition has been simulated by a decreasing microfibrillar angle (tanϕ) and increasing oven-dry density (ρ ₀) during the first years of stem growth. Adapted from [118]