Fig. 4

Growth and development of an individual from first instar to adult captured in CT images. Scanning Protocol I was used for the first and second CT images on the upper row, Protocol II and III for the third and fourth images, respectively, on the upper row, and Protocol IV for the images in the bottom row. Yellow squares in the illustration of the bamboo piece on the left of the figure represent the approximate position of the beetle at the noted time elapsed after hatching. Note that larval instars given for reference were determined based on the result of AE monitoring, which were not discussed in this paper