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Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 1 Antibacterial properties of the ground horse chestnut seed against different species of bacterium

From: Functional evaluation of horse chestnut seed and its application in the production of compounded paper for effective utilization of an untapped resource

Species of bacterium

Sample

Incubation time (h)

Antibacterial properties

Bacteria yielded growth valuesd

Viable bacteria (CFUa/mL)

Antibacterial activity valuec

Staphylococcus aureus

Before incubation

0

1.00 × 105

 

Sarcocarp and endodermis

18

3.20 × 104

4.47

 

Outer theca

18

NDb

 

Only bacteria

18

9.44 × 108

3.98

Escherichia coli

Before incubation

0

1.00 × 105

 

Sarcocarp and endodermis

18

ND

 

Outer theca

18

ND

 

Only bacteria

18

6.88 × 108

3.84

Streptococcus mutans

Before incubation

0

1.67 × 108

 

Sarcocarp and endodermis

48

1.20 × 107

2.73

 

Outer theca

48

6.73 × 104

4.97

 

Only bacteria

48

6.31 × 1010

1.58

  1. aColony-forming units
  2. bNot Detected
  3. cAntibacterial activity value = (log C t – log C 0) − (log T t – log T 0); where log C t log(average (viable cell count after incubation of bacteria alone for a given period)); log C 0 log(average (viable cell count before incubation)); log T t log(average (viable cell count after incubation of the inoculated samples for a given period)); log T 0 log(average (viable cell count of the samples immediately after inoculation))
  4. dBacteria yielded growth values = log C t – log C 0