Fig. 5

Strain distribution before bending failure of a Type I chip. The image was captured 0.032 s later than the image for Type I in Fig. 4. The cutting angle (\(\theta\)) and depth of cut (d) were 50° and 0.2 mm, respectively. The yellow dashed line represents where the cutting tool was in Fig. 4. The yellow arrow represents the location of the bending failure. (Color figure online)