Fig. 2

Comparison of cellulase, xylanase, and protease activities in UB and AB cultures after 3 days. Enzyme activity was measured in sodium acetate (pH 5.0) at 30 °C. a Avicel and b xylan from birch wood were used as substrates to measure enzyme activity in the UB and AB cultures. The newly formed reducing ends were estimated using the PHBAH method [26, 27] with some modifications. c Azoalbumin was used as a substrate. A_335nm of the reaction was measured. UB untreated birch wood meal, AB ammonia-treated birch wood meal. Each data point represents the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s or Welch’s t test (*p < 0.01; n. s. not significant)