Fig. 1
NMR characterization of transgenic rice cell walls. a–c Aromatic sub-regions of short-range 1H–13C correlation (HSQC) NMR spectra of lignin-enriched cell walls (a), and normalized contour intensities of the G-, S- and H-lignin units (b) and p-coumarate (pCA) and tricin (T) residues (c) per the total of G-, S- and H-lignin units. d, e Aliphatic sub-regions of HSQC NMR spectra of lignin-enriched cell walls (d) and normalized contour intensities of the major lignin substructure signals per the total of I, I´, II, II´, III and III´ substructure units (e). Contours are color coded to match with the structures displayed. Boxes labeled × 2 and × 4 represent regions with scale vertically enlarged by twofold and fourfold, respectively. WT, wild-type; OsCAld5H1-KD, OsCAld5H1-knockdown; OsCAld5H1-OX, OsCAld5H1-overexpression; OsC3´H1-KD, OsC3´H1-knockdown