Fig. 8From: The fracture mechanism of softwood via hierarchical modelling analysisFractures of the tracheids under bend loading. a The LW fracture of the tensile parts outermost under tangential loading bend; b the LW fracture of the neutral layer under tangential loading bend; c the LW fracture of the tensile parts outermost under radial loading bend; d the EW fracture of the neutral layer under radial loading bendBack to article page