Fig. 7From: Flexural anisotropy of rift-sawn softwood boards induced by the end-grain orientationIllustrations of on-axis (a) and off-axis (b) loadings applied to a tracheid during the bending of wood, and the shape of the tracheid with tapered ends (c). The arrows and colored areas in (a) and (b) indicate the direction of compressive or tensile stress and cell wall portions where the load is concentrated during deformation, respectivelyBack to article page