Effects of an innovative densification process on mechanical and physical properties of beech and Norway spruce veneers

Cencin, Alex; Zanetti, Michela; Urso, Tiziana; Crivellaro, Alan

doi:10.1186/s10086-021-01948-w

Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 4 Tukey’s test on investigated color parameters of densified beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) veneer samples. (a* red/green coordinates; b* yellow/blue coordinates; C* color saturation; h° hue angle; L* lightness.)

From: Effects of an innovative densification process on mechanical and physical properties of beech and Norway spruce veneers

Species	Color parameter	Treatment intensity	Mean difference	95% confidence interval		P value
Species	Color parameter	Treatment intensity	Mean difference	Lower bound	Upper bound	P value
Norway spruce	a*	60 s–control	1.1802	0.5492825	1.8111175	< 0.05
		90 s–control	1.4130	0.7820825	2.0439175	< 0.05
		300 s–control	1.6974	1.0664825	2.3283175	< 0.05
		480 s–control	1.6290	0.9980825	2.2599175	< 0.05
		90–60 s	0.2328	− 0.3981175	0.8637175	0.83
		300–60 s	0.5172	− 0.1137175	1.1481175	0.15
		480 s–60 s	0.4488	− 0.1821175	1.0797175	0.27
		300 s–90 s	0.2844	− 0.3465175	0.9153175	0.70
		480 s–90 s	0.2160	− 0.4149175	0.8469175	0.86
		480 s–300 s	− 0.0684	− 0.6993175	0.5625175	0.10
	b*	60 s–control	13.3254	11.7943145	14.8564855	< 0.05
		90 s–control	14.6836	13.1525145	16.2146855	< 0.05
		300 s–control	13.3658	11.8347145	14.8968855	< 0.05
		480 s–control	12.1444	10.6133145	13.6754855	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	1.3582	− 0.1728855	2.8892855	0.10
		300 s–60 s	0.0404	− 1.4906855	1.5714855	0.10
		480 s–60 s	− 1.1810	− 2.7120855	0.3500855	0.20
		300 s–90 s	− 1.3178	− 2.8488855	0.2132855	0.12
		480 s–90 s	− 2.5392	− 4.0702855	− 1.0081145	< 0.05
		480 s–300 s	− 1.2214	− 2.7524855	0.3096855	0.17
	C*	60 s–control	13.3683	11.7921259	14.9444741	< 0.05
		90 s–control	14.7449	13.1687259	16.3210741	< 0.05
		300 s–control	13.4749	11.8987259	15.0510741	< 0.05
		480 s–control	12.2549	10.6787259	13.8310741	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	1.3766	− 0.1995741	2.9527741	0.11
		300 s–60 s	0.1066	− 1.4695741	1.6827741	0.10
		480 s–60 s	− 1.1134	− 2.6895741	0.4627741	0.28
		300 s–90 s	− 1.2700	− 2.8461741	0.3061741	0.17
		480 s–90 s	− 2.4900	− 4.0661741	− 0.9138259	< 0.05
		480 s–300 s	− 1.2200	− 2.7961741	0.3561741	0.20
	h°	60 s–control	0.0189	0.003867921	0.033932079	< 0.05
		90 s–control	0.0177	0.002667921	0.032732079	< 0.05
		300 s–control	0.0047	− 0.010332079	0.019732079	0.90
		480 s–control	0.0018	− 0.013232079	0.016832079	0.10
		90 s–60 s	− 0.0012	− 0.016232079	0.013832079	0.10
		300 s–60 s	− 0.0142	− 0.029232079	0.000832079	0.07
		480 s–60 s	− 0.0171	− 0.032132079	–0.002067921	0.02
		300 s–90 s	− 0.0130	− 0.028032079	0.002032079	0.12
		480 s–90 s	− 0.0159	− 0.030932079	− 0.000867921	0.04
		480 s–300 s	− 0.0029	− 0.017932079	0.012132079	0.98
	L*	60 s–control	− 14.9360	− 16.186056	− 13.6859439	< 0.05
		90 s–control	− 15.0588	− 16.308856	− 13.8087439	< 0.05
		300 s–control	− 16.6676	− 17.917656	− 15.4175439	< 0.05
		480 s–control	− 17.1688	− 18.418856	15.9187439	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	− 0.1228	− 1.372856	1.1272561	0.10
		300 s–60 s	− 1.7316	− 2.981656	− 0.4815439	< 0.05
		480 s–60 s	− 2.2328	− 3.482856	− 0.9827439	< 0.05
		300 s–90 s	− 1.6088	− 2.858856	− 0.3587439	< 0.05
		480 s–90 s	− 2.1100	− 3.360056	− 0.8599439	< 0.05
		480 s–300 s	− 0.5012	− 1.751256	0.7488561	0.78
Beech	a*	60 s–control	0.9304	− 0.7820142	2.6428142	0.47
		90 s–control	2.3910	0.6785858	4.1034142	< 0.05
		300 s–control	− 1.5840	− 3.2964142	0.1284142	0.08
		90 s–60 s	1.4606	− 0.2518142	3.1730142	0.12
		300 s–60 s	− 2.5144	− 4.2268142	− 0.8019858	< 0.05
		300 s–90 s	− 3.9750	− 5.6874142	− 2.2625858	< 0.05
	b*	60 s–control	4.9954	3.5408862	6.449914	< 0.05
		90 s–control	2.3174	0.8628862	3.771914	< 0.05
		300 s–control	5.2962	3.8416862	6.750714	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	− 2.6780	− 4.1325138	− 1.223486	< 0.05
		300 s–60 s	0.3008	− 1.1537138	1.755314	0.94
		300 s–90 s	2.9788	1.5242862	4.433314	< 0.05
	C*	60 s–control	5.1136	3.8357453	6.3914547	< 0.05
		90 s–control	3.0410	1.7631453	4.3188547	< 0.05
		300 s–control	4.7631	3.4852453	6.0409547	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	− 2.0726	− 3.3504547	− 0.7947453	< 0.05
		300 s–60 s	− 0.3505	− 1.6283547	0.9273547	0.88
		300 s–90 s	1.7221	0.4442453	2.9999547	< 0.05
	h°	60 s–control	0.0196	− 0.04487028	0.084070281	0.84
		90 s–control	− 0.0584	− 0.12287028	0.006070281	0.09
		300 s–control	0.1040	0.03952972	0.168470281	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	− 0.0780	− 0.14247028	− 0.013529719	< 0.05
		300 s–60 s	0.0844	0.01992972	0.148870281	< 0.05
		300 s–90 s	0.1624	0.09792972	0.226870281	< 0.05
	L*	60 s–control	− 15.2126	− 17.2571171	− 13.16808287	< 0.05
		90 s–control	− 17.2420	− 19.2865171	− 15.19748287	< 0.05
		300 s–control	− 14.6800	− 16.7245171	− 12.63548287	< 0.05
		90 s–60 s	− 2.0294	− 4.0739171	0.01511713	0.05
		300 s–60 s	0.5326	− 1.5119171	2.57711713	0.89
		300 s–90 s	2.5620	0.5174829	4.60651713	< 0.05

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