Fig. 3

Radial variations of wood properties in the sampled trees. Number of trees = 10. WFL, wood fiber length; VEL, vessel element length; BD, basic density; AD, air-dry density after drying at around 22 °C and 65% relative humidity for 2 weeks (11.3 ± 0.5% of moisture content); DMOE, dynamic Young’s modulus; MOE, modulus of elasticity; MOR, modulus of rupture; U, absorbed energy in impact bending; CS, compressive strength parallel to grain; SS, shearing strength of small-clear specimens. Solid curves indicate the regression curves fitted by fixed-effect parameters in the nonlinear mixed-effects models (Model II in Table 3). Values in parentheses after slope and intercept indicate standard errors