Physiological and psychological responses to olfactory simulation by Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) essential oil and the influence of cognitive bias

Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 5 Results of psychological response changes between two groups of interventions

Psychological changes	Group	N	Mean ± SD	Change (%)	t	p
△Confusion	Non-hinted	18	− 0.37 ± 0.60	− 37.76	− 0.364	0.718
△Confusion	Hinted	21	− 0.30 ± 0.46	− 36.05	− 0.364	0.718
△Vigor	Non-hinted	18	− 0.28 ± 0.72	− 23.53	− 0.670	0.507
△Vigor	Hinted	21	− 0.14 ± 0.60	− 8.55	− 0.670	0.507
△Fatigue	Non-hinted	18	− 0.28 ± 0.41	− 35.44	0.418	0.679
△Fatigue	Hinted	21	− 0.35 ± 0.65	− 42.17	0.418	0.679
△Anger-hostility	Non-hinted	18	0.08 ± 0.32	80.00	2.627	0.012**
△Anger-hostility	Hinted	21	− 0.14 ± 0.21	− 83.33	2.627	0.012**
△Tension-anxiety	Non-hinted	18	− 0.07 ± 0.64	− 11.48	0.924	0.362
△Tension-anxiety	Hinted	21	− 0.24 ± 0.47	− 43.64	0.924	0.362
△Depression	Non-hinted	18	− 0.10 ± 0.23	− 31.25	0.744	0.462
△Depression	Hinted	21	− 0.16 ± 0.24	− 57.17	0.744	0.462