Fig. 5

Typical water distribution in a konara oak (Quercus serrata) trunk observed by soft X-ray photography. Optical (a, f) and X-ray photographs (b–e, g–j) of the transverse surface of controls (without Cs injection) of a normal tree (K06) and a freeze–thaw treated tree (K07b). A comparison of X-ray photographs between frozen-state wood (b, d, g, i) and that obtained after freeze-drying (c, e, h, j) reveals water distribution at the tissue level. d, e, i, and j are magnified images of b, c, g, and h, respectively