A pilot study examining the suitability of the mental arithmetic task and single-item measures of affective states to assess affective, physiological, and attention restoration at a wooden desk

Journal of Wood Science

Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society

Table 3 Results of the linear mixed models with heart rate and heart rate variability (RMSSD) as dependent variables

Outcome	Predictor	Estimate	SE	95% CI	df	t	p
Heart rate [beats per minute]	Intercept	71.51	4.94	61.83 to 81.20	32.57	14.47	< 0.001
	Condition: Wood	5.45	6.99	− 8.25 to 19.15	32.57	0.78	0.441
	Phase: Recovery	16.40	4.14	8.28 to 24.52	40.00	3.96	< 0.001
	Phase: Task (1)	− 0.75	4.14	− 8.87 to 7.36	40.00	− 0.18	0.856
	Wood * Recovery	2.55	5.86	− 8.93 to 14.03	40.00	0.44	0.666
	Wood * Task (1)	0.41	5.86	− 11.07 to 11.89	40.00	0.07	0.945
RMSSD [ms]	Intercept	43.47	5.82	32.07 to 54.88	33.65	7.47	< 0.001
	Condition: Wood	− 12.23	8.23	− 28.36 to 3.90	33.65	− 1.49	0.146
	Phase: Recovery	− 6.20	5.03	− 16.07 to 3.67	40.00	− 1.23	0.225
	Phase: Task (1)	1.90	5.03	− 7.97 to 11.76	40.00	0.38	0.708
	Wood * Recovery	2.98	7.12	− 10.97 to 16.94	40.00	0.42	0.677
	Wood * Task (1)	− 0.08	7.12	− 14.03 to 13.88	40.00	− 0.01	0.992

Significant predictors (p < 0.05) are shown in bold
SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval; df: degrees of freedom; t: test statistic t; p: p-value
*Interaction between predictors