Fig. 3

¹H and HSQC NMR spectra of DHP (a aromatic region; b: aliphatic region), and DHP-d (c and e aromatic region; d and f aliphatic region) in DMSO-d₆. The panels e and f are slices of c and d with a lower threshold, respectively. The dashed squares are ×3 magnification of those areas. All ¹H NMR spectra are shown in the same magnification normalized with the solvent peaks at 2.49 ppm. The blue cross-peaks are in-phase signals, whereas the red peaks are anti-phase signals. Symbols in the HSQC spectra represent the assignments to respective substructures (A: β-O-4; A’: β-O-4/α-O-4; B: β-5; C: β–β; CA: cinnamyl alcohol), and subscripts (α, β and γ) indicate their position in the aliphatic chains. The symbol U indicates an unidentified signal