Fig. 2

a Schematic diagram of the experimental device (1. Climate chamber, 2. Digital temperature and humidity sensor, 3. Desiccator containing P₂O₅ or saturated solution, 4. Bilayer sample, 5. Vertical clamp); b Calculation of curvature K₁ or K₂ of bilayer before and after deformation based on the radius R₁ or R₂ of the fitted circle; c sample clamping schematic diagram with negative curvature value (the bilayer in a left-bending position, i.e., bending with the active layer inwards)