Table 1 Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and multivariate homogeneity of groups dispersions analysis results

PERMANOVA

0.28

1.3355

 < 0.001***

Dispersion

0.5958

0.691

Group

R²

p-value

Pairwise PERMANOVA

1st year vs. 2nd year

0.16

0.088

1st year vs. 3rd year

0.17

0.139

1st year vs. 4th year

0.22

0.086

1st year vs. control

0.20

0.031*

2nd year vs. 3rd year

0.15

0.338

2nd year vs. 4th year

0.17

0.343

2nd year vs. control

0.22

0.029*

3rd year vs. 4th year

0.17

0.457

3rd year vs. control

0.21

0.028*

4th year vs. control

0.27

0.029*