Official Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society
From: Evaluation method for embedment stiffness of metal washers in bolted timber joints using torque gradient and nut factor
Specimen
Kn-min
Kn-max
Fmin [kN]
Fmax [kN]
Tmin [Nm]
Tmax [Nm]
TA [Nm]
Japanese cedar
0.25
0.37
2.04
3.05
9.0
9.2
9.1
Hiba
3.09
4.64
13.7
14.0
13.8
Japanese cypress
6.29
9.43
27.8
28.4
28.1