Articles

Removal of mercury and other metals by carbonized wood powder from aqueous solutions of their salts

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood powder was carbonized at varying temperatures and used as a material to remove heavy metals from their aqueous solutions. Single solutions of mercuric chloride and mixed aq...

Authors: Lilibeth L. Pulido, Toshimitsu Hata, Yuji Imamura, Shigehisa Ishihara and Takeshi Kajimoto

Arrangement of cortical microtubules in compression wood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata visualized by confocal laser microscopy

Cortical microtubules (MTs) in differentiating compression wood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata stems were visualized by confocal laser microscopy. They were oriented obliquely at an angle of about 45° to the trache...

Authors: Osamu Furusawa, Ryo Funada, Yutaka Murakami and Jun Ohtani

Polyethylene degradation by lignin-degrading fungi and manganese peroxidase

Degradation of high-molecular-weight polyethylene membrane by lignin-degrading fungi, IZU-154, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes versicolor, was investigated under various nutritional conditions. IZU-154 ...

Authors: Yuka Iiyoshi, Yuji Tsutsumi and Tomoaki Nishida

Fractionation of woody biomass with boiling aqueous acetic acid containing a small amount of mineral acid at atmospheric pressure: Reactivity of arylglycerol-β-aryl ethers in lignins with aqueous acetic acid containing H₂SO₄

To characterize the mechanism of the reaction of lignin with aqueous acetic acid (AW) containing a small amount of H₂SO₄, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GOG), and guaiacylglycerol-β-syringol ether (GOS) were ...

Authors: Yoshihiro Sano, Shu Shimamoto, Makiko Enoki and Haruo Konno

Acceleration of the cure of phenolic resin adhesives VII: Influence of extractives of merbau wood on bonding

The influence of merbau wood extractives on the gelation rate of a phenolic adhesive and the effects of some cure accelerators on the bond performance of merbau plywood were investigated. The addition of merba...

Authors: Shin-ichiro Tohmura

Durability of isocyanate resin adhesives for wood I: Thermal properties of isocyanate resin cured with water

The thermal properties of isocyanate (IC) resin cured with water were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties of cured phenol formald...

Authors: Kenji Umemura, Akihiro Takahashi and Shuichi Kawai

Kinetics of the hydroxymethylation of phenol I: Rate equation and method of analysis

Seven reactions take place consecutively and competitively during the hydroxymethylation of phenol in aqueous alkaline media. This hydroxymethylation is the first step in the formation of phenolic resins and h...

Authors: Mitsuo Higuchi, Sho-Ichi Nohno and Shin-ichiro Tohmura

Manufacture and properties of high-performance oriented strand board composite using thin strands

Three-layered composite oriented strand boards were manufactured using very thin hinoki (Japanese cypress, Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) strands oriented in the faces and mixtures of sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomer...

Authors: Min Zhang, Ee-ding Wong, Shuichi Kawai and Jin-heon Kwon

Shear creep and mechanosorptive behavior of nail-plate-jointed laminated-veneer lumber

The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanosorptive deflection of shear creep of nail-plate-jointed laminated-veneer lumber. The joint was composed of steel gusset and nails, 40 mm in length and...

Authors: Soon-I. Hong and Takanori Arima

Aerodynamic sound and self-excited vibration of circular saw with step thickness I: Comparison of dynamic characteristics between the common circular saw and the circular saw with step thickness

The natural frequencies, aerodynamic noise, whistling noise, and self-excited vibration between the common circular saw with uniform thickness and the circular saw with step thickness (thin on its outer part a...

Authors: Wuhua Cheng, Hideyuki Yokochi and Shiro Kimura

Effects of helical angle of router bit on acoustic emission

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changes in the helical angle of the router bit on the acoustic emission (AE) signal for various workpiece grain angles. The helical angle varied from...

Authors: Grzegorz Cyra, Chiaki Tanaka, Masahiro Yoshinobu and Yoshihiko Nishino

Relations between various extracted basic densities and wood chemical components in Eucalyptus globulus

Relations between various extracted basic densities and wood chemical components were investigated by their within-tree variations in Eucalyptus globulus for assistance in the prediction of the properties of wood...

Authors: Toshihiro Ona, Tetsuya Sonoda, Kazuya Ito and Masaru Shibata

Announcement

Authors:

Liquid penetration of precompressed wood VI: Anatomical characterization of pit fractures

Pit fractures of refractory coniferous heartwoods caused by precompression in the radial direction were investigated and are discussed in terms of improved liquid penetration. Small cracks appeared at the boun...

Authors: Ugai Watanabe, Yuji Imamura and Ikuho Iida

Enhancement of the biological resistance of wood by phenylboronic acid treatment

Phenylboronic acid (PBA) was tested in terms of boron leachability from treated wood. In addition, the fungal and termiticidal efficacy of PBA-impregnated sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood was tested agains...

Authors: Mustafa Kemal Yalinkiliç, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura and Munezoh Takahashi

Evaluation of rolling shear strength of plywood by flexural vibration method

The rolling shear strength of plywood was evaluated using a flexural vibration test. Test specimens were lauan and Douglas fir three-ply plywoods made from thick veneers. The dynamic shear and Young's moduli w...

Authors: Heng Xu, Chiaki Tanaka, Tetsuya Nakao, Masahiro Yoshinobu and Hiroyuki Katayama

Physical and mechanical properties required for violin bow materials II: Comparison of the processing properties and durability between pernambuco and substitutable wood species

Pernambuco (Guilandina echinata Spreng. syn Caesalpinia echinata Lam.), which has been used for a material of violin bows, was compared with substitutable wood species from the viewpoint of processing properties ...

Authors: Masahiro Matsunaga and Kazuya Minato

Blackening of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood in relation to metal content and moisture content

Blackening in heartwood was investigated in relation to the metal contents and the moisture content in xylem of about 50-year-old seedling sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) planted in a steeply sloped stand in O...

Authors: Takafurni Kubo and Shiho Ataka

Improvement of fire retardancy of plywood by incorporating boron or phosphate compounds in the glue

A practical approach to enhancing the fire retardancy of wood-based materials by adding fire-retardant chemicals to the glue was developed. Plywoods were manufactured using urea melamine formaldehyde resin mix...

Authors: Wen-Yu Su, Subyakto, Toshimitsu Hata, Koei Nishimiya, Yuji Imamura and Shigehisa Ishihara

Color development of proanthocyanidins in vanillin-hydrochloric acid reaction

The influence of proanthocyanidin (PA) structures contained in bark on color development in the vanillin-hydrochloric acid (V-HCl) method used widely as a quantitative method for measuring PA were examined. Th...

Authors: Tohru Mitsunaga, Takao Doi, Yuuki Kondo and Isao Abe

Ready chemical conversion of acid hydrolysis lignin into water-soluble lignosulfonate II: Hydroxymethylation and subsequent sulfonation of phenolized lignin model compounds

Highly condensed lignin can be transformed by three reactions — phenolation, hydroxymethylation, and neutral sulfonation — to water-soluble lignosulfonate. To elucidate reactivities and products in the latter ...

Authors: Seiichi Yasuda, Eri Hamaguchi, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Hideyuki Goto and Takanori Imai

Permanence of wood-free paper I: Paper-making additives in naturally degraded wood-free papers

Effects of pH, sizing agent, and starch on the natural deterioration of 45 printed wood-free papers stored 1–32 years was investigated in terms of MIT folding endurance, brightness, and L^*a^*b^* values. The neutral...

Authors: Zonghua Wu and Hiroo Tanaka

Determination of the distribution and reaction of polysaccharides in wood cell walls by the isotope tracer technique VII: Double radiolabeling of xylan and pectin in magnolia (Magnolia kobus DC) and comparison of their behaviors during kraft pulping by radiotracer technique

myo-Inositol-[2-³H] and d-glucuronic acid-[6-¹⁴C] were administered simultaneously to a growing stem of magnolia (Magnolia kobus DC) to label xylan and pectin, respectively, in the cell wall. Determination of th...

Authors: Takanori Imai, Hideyuki Goto, Hiroyuki Matsumura and Seiichi Yasuda

Decomposition of polyurethane foams derived from condensed tannin II: Hydrolysis and aminolysis of polyurethane foams

To obtain basic information on the stability, decomposition, and recycling of biodegradable polyurethane foam (PUF), we studied hydrolysis and aminolysis of the PUF derived from wattle tannin (WT). The WT-PUF ...

Authors: Jin-Jie Ge and Kokki Sakai

Improvement on the properties of gypsum particleboard by adding cement

Gypsum particleboard (GPB) has high thickness swelling (TS), high water absorption (WA), and low mechanical properties compared with cement-bonded particleboard. The properties of GPB were improved by adding c...

Authors: Yuhe Deng, Takeshi Furuno and Tohru Uehara

Sensory evaluation of carpet cleaner containing essential oil and the effect on mites

We prepared carpet cleaners containing three wood oils extracted from Thujopsis dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondai Makino, Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl., and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masamune et Suzuki and studie...

Authors: Noboru Yamamoto, Yoshifumi Miyazaki and Keisuke Sakuda

Relation between growth stress and lignin concentration in the cell wall: Ultraviolet microscopic spectral analysis

Lignin content in the cell wall was investigated to examine its relation with growth stress, using an ultraviolet microscopic spectrum analyzer. Although a weak correlation existed between the growth stress an...

Authors: Takashi Okuyama, Hiroshi Takeda, Hiroyuki Yamamoto and Masato Yoshida

Announcement

Authors:

Rapid extraction of epidermis chlorophyll of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) culm using ultrasonics

The feasibility of applying ultrasonics to the chlorophyll extraction of bamboo culm was evaluated to establish an efficient reliable method for chlorophyll extraction from the epidermis of bamboo culm. The re...

Authors: Shang-Tzen Chang, Sheng-Yang Wang and Jyh-Horng Wu

Vibrational properties of Sitka spruce heat-treated in nitrogen gas

Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) wood was heated for 0.5–16.Oh at temperatures of 120°–200°C in nitrogen gas or air. The values for Young's modulus, shear modulus, and loss tangent were measured by free-free...

Authors: Yoshitaka Kubojima, Takeshi Okano and Masamitsu Ohta

Prediction of the buckling stress of intermediate wooden columns using the secant modulus

We made several buckling tests of wooden columns with intermediate slenderness ratios (λ) and examined the empirical formulas. On the basis of the examination, we formulated an equation for predicting the buck...

Authors: Hiroshi Yoshihara, Masamitsu Ohta and Yoshitaka Kubojima

Dynamic modulus of elasticity and bending properties of large beams of Taiwan-grown Japanese cedar from different plantation spacing sites

The effect of plantation spacings (types A-E) on the bending strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of 41-year-old Taiwan-grown cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) was investigated. The results indicate that ...

Authors: Song-Yung Wang and Chih-Yu Ko

Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Wood charcoal carbonized at various temperatures was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to investigate the changes of c...

Authors: Koei Nishimiya, Toshimitsu Hata, Yuji Imamura and Shigehisa Ishihara

Photodiscoloration of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) sapwood III Early stage of photodiscoloration reaction with lignans

The reaction during the early stage of photodiscoloration of constituents in western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf. Sarg., Pinaceae] sapwood was investigated with chemical methods. The main photodiscoloring co...

Authors: Fumio Kawamura, Megumi Miyachi, Shingo Kawai and Hideo Ohashi

Compositional and structural characteristics of residual biomass from tropical plantations

Many products and abundant wastes from tropical plantations, such as latex, palm oil, and coconut production due to replantation, are waiting effective utilization. Nonutilized tropical biomass — oil palm (Elaeis...

Authors: Satoshi Suzuki, Evelyn B. Rodriguez, Kenji Iiyama, Kyoko Saito and Hiroyuki Shintani

Piezoelectric effect of cyanoethylated hydroxyethylcellulose

The piezoelectricity of cyanoethylated hydroxyethylcellulose was investigated. Elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric relaxations were observed at −80° to −60°C and 0° to 20°C at a frequency of 10Hz. The activ...

Authors: Nobuyuki Hirai, Kooji Ootake, Kyouji Suzuki, Nobuo Sobue, Munehiro Date and Toyoko Watanabe

Piezoelectric behavior of wood under combined compression and vibration stresses I: Relation between piezoelectric voltage and microscopic deformation of a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.)

This study investigated the relation between piezoelectric behavior and the deformation of trachieds in real time under combined compression and vibration stresses. Scanning electron microscope images were rec...

Authors: Takahisa Nakai, Naoyasu Igushi and Kose Ando

Acoustoelastic effect of wood II: Effect of compressive stress on the velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal waves parallel to the transverse direction of the wood

The changes in the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in wood parallel to the direction of applied stress are discussed. The ultrasonic mode was longitudinal waves traveling along the direction of applie...

Authors: Yasutoshi Sasaki, Toshihiro Iwata and Kosei Ando

Measurement of the shear modulus of wood by static bending tests

When measuring the shear modulus of wood by static bending tests, the basic theory is dependent on Timoshenko's bending theory. The shear modulus obtained by static bending is a much smaller value than that de...

Authors: Hiroshi Yoshihara, Yoshitaka Kubojima, Koji Nagaoka and Masamitsu Ohta

Transverse shrinkage anisotropy of coniferous wood investigated by the power spectrum analysis

The transverse shrinkage behavior of early wood and late wood tracheids of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) was investigated by the power spectrum analysis. The representative cell model shapes before and afte...

Authors: Ugai Watanabe, Misato Norimoto, Minoru Fujita and Joseph Gril

Colorimetry of wood specimens from French Guiana

The color of 97 species of wood specimens from French Guiana was measured on their radial and tangential surfaces with a colorimeter. We obtained the tristimulus values of X, Y, and Z of the 10° standard observer...

Authors: Yoshihiko Nishino, Gérard Janin, Bernard Chanson, Pierre Détienne, Joseph Gril and Bernard Thibaut

The time is ripe for an English journal from Japan on wood science

Authors: Mikio Shimada and Shogo Okumura

Establishment of the Journal of Wood Science

Authors: Bunichiro Tomita